Abstract: The results of experimental measurements on elastic wave velocity （Vp） for rocks of different types from Tarim Basin at high temperatures and high pressures are presented here. The Vp of samples at ordinary temperature ranges from 6.007 km·s^-1 to 6.803km·s^-1, given the maximum pressure at 2.0 GPa, and the andesitic volcanoclastic rock has the largest Vp. At the temperature of 600℃, the Vp varies between 5. 871 km·s^-1 and 6.658 km·s^-1, and the largest Vp value is obtained also for andesite. Combined with the velocity structure derived from seismic converted wave in study area, here we propose that the crustal structure in the most areas of Tarim Basin is of three layers ： the upper crust consists mainly of granitic metamorphic rocks, the middle crust is mainly made of granitic diorite, and the lower crust is mainly composed of andesitic basalts.