Water resources management decision support system is the application and development of decision support system in the field of water resources. It is a human-computer interaction system developed for the decision-making characteristics of water resources problems. It uses computer and corresponding software (including artificial intelligence, expert system and other technologies) to complete the functions of data extraction, logical reasoning, information processing and management decisionmaking. It can not only help decision-makers to understand the current situation of water resources in time, but also provide more comprehensive, scientific and reasonable integrated management programs for decision-makers to improve the efficiency and reliability of decision-making. This review elucidates and analyzes the current application trends and innovative advancements of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in water resources management (especially in groundwater management) domestically and internationally. At the same time, the paper summarizes prevalent issues existing in the development and application of decision support system. It is pointed out that the lack of basic data and unified standards, the lack of reliability of data-driven decisionmaking, the single function of decision support system, the lack of integrity of decision-making participation, the poor reusability and scalability of the system, and the lack of intelligence are the bottlenecks that need to be broken through in the application and development of decision support system in the field of groundwater resources management. Furthermore, the paper conducts an analysis and projection of its future trajectory in close consideration of the challenges currently confronting water resources management. It is underscored that standardization, integration, modularization, and intelligentization represent the prospective directions for the development of water resource decision support systems. These directions are envisioned to furnish some theoretical support for the establishment of comprehensive regional water resource decision support systems in the future. 

The Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO, 53.26-49.14 Ma) represents the warmest period of the past 66 million years, with global temperatures reaching their highest levels on a million-year scale. This period serves as a geological reference for future Earth temperatures under the most extreme Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP8.5) scenario in the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Previous studies have reconstructed the global sea surface temperature (SST) state of the EECO using Earth system models and paleoclimate proxies. However, Earth system models often lack constraints on boundary conditions, making it difficult to accurately reconstruct the global SST state of the EECO. Additionally, there are discrepancies between different proxy reconstruction results. This study utilizes an emerging paleoclimate data assimilation approach, conducting simulations with the Earth system model of intermediate complexity, cGENIE. Our 100-member ensemble considers three most important uncertainties: atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, alkalinity, and rain ratio. We assimilate three types of paleotemperature proxies (TEX86, Mg/Ca and δ¹⁸O of planktonic foraminifera) from 35 ocean drilling sites to reconstruct high-precision, globally coupled SSTs during the EECO. The data assimilation yielded a global SST of 30.7 ℃ (95% confidence interval: 28.8-33.0 ℃ ), characterized by significantly improved accuracy compared to prior estimates from Earth system model simulations. Sensitivity experiments confirmed that different types of proxies have a significant impact on the data assimilation reconstruction results: SSTs reconstructed without TEX86 proxy data were lower than those assimilating all proxies, while those without δ¹⁸O data were higher. This study provides a high-precision reconstruction of globally coupled SSTs during the EECO hothouse period, offering an accurate geological reference for future climate change.

Northwest Africa (NWA) 8599 is a lunar breccia meteorite found in Northwest Africa. We performed detailed petrographic and mineralogical study on this lunar meteorite. Our observations reveal that NWA 8599 is an olivine-rich magnesian anorthositic noritic breccia, with abundant mineral fragments and minor fine-grained magnesian anorthosite clasts. Our NWA 8599 sample contains a coarse-grained highly magnesian olivine fragment (Fo=84-87), which is closely associated with highly magnesian pyroxene (Mg#=85-89) and geikielite (Mg#=52-54). The geikielite grains in NWA 8599 are reported for the first time among lunar meteorites and mission-returned lunar samples. The CaO contents in the highly magnesian olivine and thermobarometric calculations of pyroxenes indicate that the highly magnesian mineral assemblage is likely derived from a highly magnesian rock from deep crust of the Moon. Our results show large variations in modal abundance and grain size for the magnesian anorthosites in NWA 8599, indicating diversity of the magnesian anorthositic lithologies in the Moon. We suggest that the magnesian anorthosites may be produced by variable degrees of assimilation of primordial ferroan anorthositic crust by mantlederived magnesian melt during lunar mantle overturn.

Atom probe tomography (APT) can quantitatively analyze three-dimensional elemental and isotopic distributions of different elements in a solid sample at sub-nanometer resolution. It has been increasingly used in geochemical analysis. In this work, using two planetary minerals and one silicate glass standard as examples, we study the practicability and accuracy of the APT method in the quantification of chemical composition. Comparison of the results obtained using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and APT show that the APT results are close to those from EPMA with the difference of major metal element contents is less than 1 at%, while the difference of silicate glass is much larger. In addition, the difference of oxygen content in all samples is about 1-3 at% due to the limitations of the APT method. However, this oxygen difference can be corrected by normalization using metal elements. Our analyses suggest that APT can be an effective method to quantify major elements in materials. The threedimensional distributions of elements given by APT can be used to the element migration process at nanoscale, which is a new and important technique for geochemical analysis.  

Seabed wind monopiles are usually installed in offshore soft clay layers with poor engineering properties, and are prone to large deflections even destabilization under complex external loads, affecting the normal operation of the wind power system. Among the existing offshore wind monopile stability studies, monitoring and predicting deflection is one of the most costeffective methods. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional monitoring methods and the nonlinearity of monopile deflection changes, this study proposes a new method for monitoring and predicting the deflection of seabed wind monopiles based on Ultra Weak Fiber Bragging Grating (UWFBG) and Machine Learning (ML), and applies it to a case study of seabed wind monopiles in Shandong Peninsula. The continuous strain data along the monopile were successfully obtained by UWFBG, and the maximum deflection angle of the monopile was calculated to be 0.35°; The load influencing factors of top deflection angle such as wind speed, wind direction and tide were analyzed, and it was found that the top deflection angle was positively correlated with the wind speed and negatively correlated with the amplitude of the tides under the prevailing wind direction; The EEMD-PSO-SVR prediction model was established on this basis and successfully predicted the monopile deflection, compared with the measured values, the root-mean-square error and the mean absolute error of the prediction results were 0.0438° and 0.0358°, which verified the accuracy of the proposed prediction model. 

The decomposition of marine gas hydrates is one of the important causes for the instability of submarine slopes. In order to exploit natural gas hydrate safely and efficiently, it is necessary to evaluate the stability of seabed slopes containing hydrate reservoirs scientifically. Based on the finite element strength reduction method, the stability of a submarine slope in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea is investigated, with a focus on the impact of marine gas hydrate decomposition on shear strength. The results are as follows. As the degree of decomposition of marine gas hydrate increases, the stability of the slope shows a decreasing trend. When the degree of decomposition is between 40% and 80%, the stability of the slope is sensitive to changes in the degree of hydrate decomposition. As the degree of decomposition increases, the safety factor decreases rapidly and the sliding depth of the anti-shear failure increases significantly, exceeding the position of the hydrate reservoir. A method for analyzing the stability of slopes in hydrate-bearing reservoirs has been established with finite element numerical simulation, and lays a theoretical foundation for geological risk assessment and management in the extraction of marine gas hydrate resources. 

The Zaozigou gold deposit in Gansu Province is situated within the Xiahe-Hezuo area of the West Qinling Mountains. It represents a significant polymetallic gold deposit within the West Qinling metallogenic belt, exhibiting a high degree of mineralization that is closely associated with the regional tectonic activity. By examining the tectonic and geological characteristics of the mining area, with a particular focus on faults, joints, and scuff marks, the evolutionary sequence of the orecontrolling structures and the principal stress directions of the Zaozigou gold deposit have been determined. It is hypothesized that the tectonic evolution of the gold deposits in Zaozigou underwent three phases and six stages. In order to comprehend the distribution pattern and extent of the tectonic stress field within the mining region, a structural stress field analysis and a series of rock mechanics experiments were conducted, with the objectives of determining the mechanical parameters of the rocks and establishing a geologically logical mechanical model. A two-dimensional structural stress field numerical simulation of the Zaozigou gold mining area was conducted using the Finite Element Method (FEM), with the objective of predicting favorable sites for mineralization. The results demonstrate that the distribution of the tectonic stress field in the mining area is governed by the rupture. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum stress values in each period are predominantly concentrated at the periphery of the rupture. The intensity of stress is the primary factor in governing tectonic activity, with high stress areas exhibiting heightened structural activity and rock fragmentation, thereby creating pathways and sites conducive to mineralization. It is hypothesized that the two ends of the near-north-south faults and the intersection of the north-east and north-west faults represent optimal locations for mineralization.

To investigate the deep dynamic causal mechanism of shallow deformation in the Qaidam Basin, this study utilized Bouguer gravity anomaly data with the deep seismic profiles and natural seismic tomography data as control points to obtain the best datum plane, and invert the spatial distribution morphology of the Moho surface. The results show that the spatial variations of shallow tectonic deformation also manifest significant differences in the Moho depth between the eastern and western parts of the Qaidam Basin. In the western part of the basin, shallow tectonic deformation is stronger with extensive development of thrust and shortening structures. The Moho surface is relatively deep, approximately 55-61 km. In contrast, the eastern part of the basin exhibits weaker deformation overall, mainly concentrated at the basin margins with the Moho surface being relatively shallow, approximately 48-61 km. Additionally, there is a large steep zone between the East Kunlun Mountains and the eastern Qaidam Basin, where the Moho surface can abruptly change by about 15 km. These features indicate that under the tectonic background of the northeastward extension of the Tibetan Plateau, the crust in the western Qaidam Basin has undergone significant shortening and thickening, while the eastern part still retains characteristics similar to a stable craton basin, with minimal changes in crustal thickness. The deep-cut strike-slip faulting of the Altyn Tagh Fault zone, which induces crust-mantle mixing, is likely a decisive factor leading to the shortening and thickening of the western Qaidam Basin, thereby resulting in the spatial differences in the Moho surface between the eastern and western parts.

Following the developments in the weather forecasting and computer technologies, the integration of medium-range weather forecasts and flood forecasting has become increasingly widespread. This paper investigates medium-range weather forecasts and flood predictions, analyzing the application of four operational continental-scale flood forecasting systems in Europe, Australia, and the United States, and explores the opportunities and challenges of using medium-range weather forecasts in flood prediction. The paper points out that the opportunities for medium-range weather forecasts include the increasing availability of observational data, advancements in data assimilation techniques, and the application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. However, challenges remain, such as the inherent uncertainty of atmospheric systems, the lack of observational data in some regions, limitations in model accuracy and model scale transformation, and the complexity of ensemble prediction methods. In the future, by overcoming these challenges, medium-range weather forecasts are expected to play a more significant role in improving the accuracy of flood forecasts, providing more effective support for preventing and mitigating flood disasters.