Abstract: With the largest population in the world, China is facing the problem of water resource shortage. Because groundwater has become the major sou rce of water supply in north China, the groundwater environment evaluation should play an important role in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). In this paper, the authors will discuss the following problems: 　　1. Groundwater resources and environment should be taken into consideration in t he Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) since they are restricting factors f or industrial projects. Power station, petrochemical company, iron and steel pla nts should not be built in the areas where water resources are in shortage. Suc h environment problems caused by exploitation of groundwater as groundwater cont amination, land subsidence, karst collapse, seawater intrusion and disappearance of spring should be avoid carefully. 　　2. In order to protect the quality of groundwater, factories and waste dumping a reas should not be placed in the recharge region of well field. 　　3. Groundwater could be contaminated by discharging wastewater into streams in a reas where stream water recharges the groundwater, even if the wastewater may fi t the "Integrated Waste Water Discharge Standard". Therefore, it is necessary to determine the discharge standard of wastewater according to the influence of po lluted river on groundwater quality. 　　4. Investigation of pollution sources of groundwater should include the location of pollution and quantity of pollutant entering the aquifer. 　　The authors believe that the above problems should be properly considered in ord er to improve the quality of environmental impact assessment.