The karst underground river cave landscape system in Gemstone Cave, Fumin County, Central Yunnan Province is moderate in scale with various karst landscapes in the cave, treasures (agates) in the cave, beautiful ecological environment, multiethnic religious culture and potential hot spring resources outside the cave and superior traffic location which makes the tourism elements cluster with high development value. According to the regional geological background of Gemstone Cave, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of regional geological history, summarizes the tourism geological characteristics of Gemstone Cave according to the field exploration results of Gemstone Cave, discusses the landscape mechanism of Gemstone Cave from five aspects: lithology, structure, hydrogeology, paleogeography and landscape age, points out that multiple faults (fracture zones) jointly control the spatial pattern of Gemstone Cave landscape. Karst started in the late Yanshan period and the Himalayan period was the main landscape period of the karst underground river cave system in Gemstone Cave. The origin of the gem (agate) produced in Gemstone Cave was preliminarily inferred and explained.