In recent years, shale gas exploration and development in southeastern Sichuan has gradually expanded to the deep areas. The Luzhou area shows great potential of shale gas exploration and development with the depth over 3500 m. In order to further clarify the characteristics and evolution mechanism of various structural deformation in Luzhou area, the main controlling factors of fold belt were explored by using discrete element numerical simulation based on structural analysis of seismic data, and the evolution process of Mesozoic and Cenozoic was restored. And the following research results show that multiple detachment layers and regional tectonic compression are the main controlling factors of structural deformation in Luzhou area. Influenced by multiple detachment layers, Luzhou area has developed low steep thin-skinned structure and obvious vertical stratification, forming complex structure such as fault-propagation folds, detachment folds, buried folds and duplex structures between detachment layers. Among them, the lower Cambrian gypsum rock plays a major role in controlling the deformation, and the gypsum rock and shale slippage coordinate and accumulate towards the core of the anticlines. Since the late Yanshanian, the multi-detachment allochthonous succession with regional compression in Luzhou area were developed the thin-skinned comb-shaped folds. The fold belt rose again in Himalayan, the displacement of the original fault sand shear zones increased, and a series of secondary faults and buried folds formed between the detachment layers. The reservoirs are easy to be destroyed at anticline zones, while the syncline areas are a favorable area for shale gas exploration. The relatively simple deformation for syncline composed of ramp thrusts results in comparable stable internal stress distribution.