Lithium, as a crucial strategic mineral, serves as the core resource for China’s new energy industry in realizing the“ Dual Carbon” goals. Currently, China exhibits a high external dependence on lithium resources, making it imperative to expand lithium reserves and enhance the self-sufficiency rate. The granite-mica type lithium deposits in Jiangxi Province are characterized by large scale, low grade, shallow burial depth, and easy exploitation, which have become an important source of lithium resources in China. The rapid prospecting breakthrough and rational development and utilization of this type of lithium deposit will not only effectively reduce China’s external dependence on lithium resources but also exert profound strategic and political significance for the sustainable and high-quality development of China’s new energy industry. In this work, the granite-mica type lithium deposits in the Ganfang ore concentration area, situated on the southern margin of the Jiuling Mountains within the Yichun region of Jiangxi Province, were selected as the research focus. Through systematic investigations into the metallogenic geological setting, magmatic-rock forming and mineralization processes, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the granite-mica type lithium deposits, the metallogenic regularity was comprehensively summarized, and a prospecting model specific to this type of lithium deposit was constructed. This research is intended to provide theoretical foundation and key exploration methodologies for the rapid delineation of prospecting targets of granite-type lithium deposits, thereby facilitating the achievement of major breakthroughs in lithium prospecting.