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高校地质学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 540-548.DOI: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2019075

• 能源地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

烃源岩不同性质有机酸的分离及其检测方法

杜佳宗1,何 蓓1,蔡进功1* ,雷天柱2,刘 庆3,谢忠怀3   

  1. 1. 同济大学 海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海 200092;
    2. 中国科学院 地质与地球物理研究所 油气资源研究重点实验室,兰州 730000;
    3. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院,东营 257015
  • 出版日期:2020-10-20 发布日期:2020-10-28

Separation and Detection Methods of Organic Acids with Different Properties in Source Rocks

DU Jiazong 1,HE Bei 1,CAI Jingong 1* ,LEI Tianzhu 2,LIU Qing3,XIE Zhonghuai3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
    2. Key laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    3. Exploration and Development Institute of Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying 257015, China
  • Online:2020-10-20 Published:2020-10-28

摘要: 烃源岩中的有机酸来源于有机质,但有机质具有不同的赋存形式,有机酸具有不同性质,这将影响有机酸与不同赋存有机质的关系,进而影响分离和检测方法。文章在总结前人对有机质赋存形式和有机酸性质等特征的基础上,提出烃源岩中的有机酸并以非单一的形式存在,具有水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸三种类型,游离有机质中存在水溶性和脂溶性有机酸,而结合有机质中存在水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸。因此在检测方法上需采取分步分离的方法,且根据有机酸的性质选取合适的检测方法,即水溶性有机酸利用离子色谱检测,索氏抽提得到的脂溶性有机酸利用气相色谱—质谱检测,通过酸解抽提残渣得到的难溶性有机酸利用红外光谱检测,全面系统地认识烃源岩中有机酸含量和类型等特征。这对进一步探讨烃源岩各种类型有机酸特征和演化规律,深化烃源岩有机质生烃以及有机—无机相互作用等机理都具有重要意义。

关键词: 烃源岩, 有机质赋存态, 有机酸性质, 分步分离检测

Abstract: Organic acids in source rocks are derived from organic matters. The different occurrence forms of organic matter and various properties of organic acid can affect the relationship between organic acids and organic matters, and further affect the separation and detection methods of organic acid. On the basis of summarizing the occurrence of organic matter and the properties of organic acid, it is proposed that organic acids in source rocks seldom exist in a single form, but have three forms, i.e., watersoluble, fat-soluble and insoluble. The free organic matters contain water-soluble and fat-soluble organic acids, while in mineralcombined organic matters, there are water-soluble, fat-soluble and insoluble organic acids. Thus, it is necessary to take stepwise separation methods to separate organic acids of different properties in free organic matters and mineral-combined organic matters. The appropriate detection methods for organic acids were selected according to their properties. For water-soluble organic acids, ion chromatography is a proper method. The fat-soluble organic acids, which were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using dichloromethane, were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The insoluble organic acids were obtained by
acidolysis of the extraction residue and detected using infrared spectrum. The types and contents of organic acids with different properties can be comprehensively and systematically understood using these detection methods. The successful separation and detection of different organic acids are of great significance to further investigate the characteristics and evolution of various types of organic acids in source rocks, and deepen the understanding of mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation and organic-inorganic interactions in source rocks.

Key words: source rocks, organic matter occurrence, organic acid properties, stepwise separation and detection

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