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高校地质学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (05): 618-631.DOI: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2024083

• • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔盆地西部现今地温场特征及成因机制

徐甲博1,2,3，常 健1,2,3*，郭华军4，李晨星2,3，单 祥4，彭 博4，邱楠生2,3，张 泽2,3   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学（北京）海南研究院，三亚 572000；
    2. 中国石油大学（北京）油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249；

    3. 中国石油大学（北京）地球科学学院，北京 102249； 

    4. 中国石油杭州地质研究院，杭州 310023

  • 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-20

Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Present-day Geothermal Field in Western Junggar Basin

XU Jiabo1,2,3，CHANG Jian1,2,3*，GUO Huajun4，LI Chenxing2,3，SHAN Xiang4，PENG Bo4，QIU Nansheng2,3，ZHANG Ze2,3#br#   

  1. 1. Hainan Institute of China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Sanya 572000 , China；
    2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China；
    3. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China；
    4. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China
  • Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-20

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摘要： 文章借助70口井测温数据和98块岩石样品的热导率数据，系统研究了玛湖凹陷及断裂带地区的现今地温梯度、大地
热流、5000~8000 m深地层温度、岩石圈热结构等地热特征，建立了玛湖—克乌地区地热成因模式。玛湖—克乌地区石炭系—古近系岩石热导率介于1.5~3.03 W/（m·K），垂向上表现为随着地层变老，岩石热导率呈阶梯状增大的特征。研究区地温梯度介于16.25~22.42 ℃/km，平均值为21.18 ℃/km；大地热流介于34.73~52.62 mW/m2，平均值为44.01 mW/m2；5000 m深地层温度介于85.4~126.5 ℃，平均值为113.2 ℃；6000 m地层温度介于104.9~144.2 ℃，平均值为134.9 ℃；7000 m地层温度介于120.9~167.9 ℃，平均值为153.6 ℃；8000 m地层温度介于133.8~182.3 ℃，平均值为170.8 ℃，垂向上地温梯度在以2 ℃/km降低。断裂带与凹陷壳幔热流比值分别为0.77、1.20，为典型的冷壳冷幔结构。玛湖—克乌地区地热成因模式表明，不同构造单元的地壳结构以及沉积盖层与褶皱基底岩石热导率的差异是控制研究区地温场展布的主要控制因素。凹陷和断裂带莫霍面埋深的不同，为地表提供了不同的热量，岩石热导率的差异使浅部地层热量重新分配，两种因素共同作用下形成凹低-凸高的热流分配格局。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地西部, 地温梯度, 大地热流, 岩石圈热结构, 地温场成因模式, 定深温度

Abstract: This study explores the geothermal features of the Mahu Sag and Ke-Wu fault zone, including the present-day
geothermal gradient, terrestrial heat flow, formation temperatures at depths of 5000-8000 m, and the lithosphere’s thermal structure, utilizing data from 70 wells and 98 rock samples, and establishes a geothermal genetic model for the Mahu-Ke-Wu region. In the Mahu-Karamay-Wuerhe region, the thermal conductivity of Carboniferous-Paleogene rocks ranges from 1.5 to 3.03 W/（m·K）, exhibiting a stepwise increase with the age of the strata. The geothermal gradient in the study area ranges from 16.25 to 22.42 ℃ /km (Avg: 21.18 ℃ /km）. The heat flow ranges from 34.73 to 52.62 mW/m2 (Avg: 44.01 mW/m2）. The temperature of strata at 5000 meters depth ranges from 85.4 to 126.5 ℃ (Avg:113.2 ℃）. At 6000 meters depth, the temperature ranges from 104.9 to 144.2 ℃ (Avg: 134.9 ℃）. At 7000 meters depth, the temperature ranges from 120.9 to 167.9 ℃ (Avg: 153.6 ℃）. At 8000 meters depth, the temperature ranges from 133.8 to 182.3 ℃ (Avg: 170.8 ℃）. Vertically, the geothermal gradient decreases by 2 ℃ /km. The heat flow ratio between the fault zone and the sag crust-mantle is 0.77 and 1.20, respectively, indicating a typical cold crust and cold mantle structure. The geothermal genetic model of the Mahu-Karamay-Wuerhe region shows that the crustal structure of different tectonic units, along with variations in thermal conductivity between the sedimentary cover and the folded basement rocks, is the key factor governing the distribution of the geothermal field in the study area. The varying depths of the Moho surface in the sag and fault zones provide different amounts of heat to the surface, and the differences in rock thermal conductivity allows redistribution of heat in the shallow strata, resulting in a convex high-concave low heat flow distribution pattern.

Key words: Western Junggar Basin, geothermal gradient, geothermal heat flow, lithospheric thermal structure, geothermal field
genesis model, fixed depth temperature

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