对“ 华夏古陆”、“ 华夏地块”及“ 扬子－华夏古陆统一体”等观点的质疑

对“ 华夏古陆”、“ 华夏地块”及“ 扬子－华夏古陆统一体”等观点的质疑

胡受奚1，叶瑛2

1. 南京大学地球科学系，南京210093；2.浙江大学地球科学系，杭州 310027

收稿日期:2006-12-20 修回日期:2006-12-20 出版日期:2006-12-20 发布日期:2006-12-20

Questions to “Cathaysia Old Land”, “Cathaysia Block” and “United Yantze-Cathaysia Old Land” of South China

Hu Shou-xi1,Ye Ying2

1.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;2.Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hanzhou 310027, China

Received:2006-12-20 Revised:2006-12-20 Online:2006-12-20 Published:2006-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 关於华南大地构造格架及地壳演化存在两种对立的观点：其一，认为华南的基底是“华夏古陆”，或古元古—太古代的“华夏地块”，或“扬子－华夏古陆”。另一种意见认为除小的古老地体外，华南不存在古老基底，而是在洋壳基础上发展起来的地槽褶皱区。华南地槽褶皱区开始于造山纪（2050Ma），它的西部边界是武陵断裂带，与西南地台相邻；其北边界一般认为是长江断裂带，其实很可能是华北地台。对持“华夏古陆”及相似观点进行了质疑和评论，对华南地质一些关键的问题进行了探讨。在此基础上，根椐长期地质研究积累，如地槽相沉积、复理石或浊积岩的巨厚沉积、蛇绿岩套、细碧(角斑岩系、安山岩带、许多下古生代等地层标准化石，以及大量可信的同位素年代学资料等，提出华南从元古代到新生代的主要大地构造单元可分为5个造山带，即：① 武陵—双桥山—双溪坞—舟山造山带；② 震旦—早古生代造山带；③ 海西造山带；④ 印支—燕山火山岩带；⑤ 台东—喜马拉雅火山弧。

Abstract: There exist two opposite opinions in understanding of the geotectonic framework and crustal evolution of south China for a long time. The one is that the South China is considered to be the 《Cathaysia Old Land》, or the Proterozoic~Archean 《Cathaysia Block》, or the 《United Yantze-Cathaysia Old Land》. The other opinion (including the authors’) regards that the South China does not have old metamorphic basement (except some small old terranes), but is a geosynclinal fold region developed on the paleo-oceanic crust. It begin at Orosian period (2050 Ma). Its western boundary is the Wuling fault zone, neighboring with the Southwest China Platform. Generally speaking, the northern boundary of the South China is considered to be the Yantze River fault zone; but, more correctly, the North China Platform. On the basis of long time research by the Geology Department of Nanjing University and other geologists, a large database, such as sedimentary facies of flysh or turbidite formation and its large thickness, ophiolites, spilite-keratophyre, andesite belts, index fossils of Paleozoic Era and collected reliable isotopic geochoronological data, the present authors propose the conclusion that the major geotectonic units of South China from NW to SE and from Proterozoic to Cenozoic can be classified into five orogenic belts: ① the Wuling-Xuefengian-Zhoushan oroganic belt (2050 ~ 1000±100Ma, or Hundason cycle). It is bounded in west with the Southwest China Platform；② the Sinian-Caledonian orogenic belt (1000±100 ~ 400 Ma, or Greenville cycle)；③ the Hercynian orogenic belts (400 ~ 250 Ma), ④the Indosinian-Yanshanian volcanic belt，controlled by subduction of the Kula-Pacific plate and Tethyan-Pacific plate (200 ~ 100 Ma)；⑤ Taidong Himalayan volcanic arc controlled by subduction of the Phillippines Sea plate or the Pacific plate.Due to discovery of Caledonian metamorphic rocks to the east of the Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone, the boundary of the Sinian-Caledonan fold belt and the Hercynian fold belt may be located near the Changle-Nanao fault zone.

胡受奚，叶瑛. 对“ 华夏古陆”、“ 华夏地块”及“ 扬子－华夏古陆统一体”等观点的质疑[J]. J4.

Hu Shou-xi1,Ye Ying2. Questions to “Cathaysia Old Land”, “Cathaysia Block” and “United Yantze-Cathaysia Old Land” of South China[J]. J4.