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北秦岭新元古代前属于扬子板块的地球化学证据

张本仁 韩吟文 许继锋 欧阳建平   

  1. [1]中国地质大学地球化学研究所 [2]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
  • 收稿日期:1998-12-20 修回日期:1998-12-20 出版日期:1998-12-20 发布日期:1998-12-20

GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR NORTH QINLING BEING A PART OF YANGTZE PLATE PRIOR TO THE NEOPR0TEROZOIC

Zhang Ben-ren1, Han Yin-wen1, Oayang Jian-ping1, Xu Jifeng2   

  1. 1. Institute of Geochemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074; 2. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640
  • Received:1998-12-20 Revised:1998-12-20 Online:1998-12-20 Published:1998-12-20

摘要: 秦岭是扬子板块和华北陆块间的复合造山带,其中存在两个古缝合带,北面的新元古代到早古生代商-丹缝合带介于北秦岭和南秦岭之间,南面的晚古生代勉-略缝合带形成于南秦岭与扬子陆块北缘之间,属于确知的扬子陆块内部打开形成的类型。北秦岭在地壳增生历史,元古宙上地慢性质,以及元古宙以来地幔相对富Nb、Ta、Cu,高Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr、Ba/La、Th/La、Nb/Ta比值和相对贫Fe、Mo方面均与南秦岭和扬子陆块北段一致。而与华北板块南段明显不同。变玄武岩类的Pb同位素三维空间拓扑图和铀εNd(t)-206Pb/204Pb图显示,区域一级地球化学界面位于北秦岭与华北陆块的分界处,二级界面才是商丹-缝合带。构造侵位于该带中的松树沟蛇绿岩<1000 Ma士)中已发现并存着N—MORB和E—MORB型变拉斑玄武岩。表明它们的岩浆分别来自亏损地幔和深部地幔热柱源区。松树沟蛇绿岩与勉,略蛇绿岩中的N—MORB型岩石具有与此相似的同位素组成和特征元素对比值,暗示松树沟蛇绿岩所代表的古洋壳也应属于扬子板块内部型。加之,新元古代之前秦岭只存在裂谷系而无板块结合带,故可确定北秦岭原来应属于扬子板块的组成部分。对秦岭群和宽坪群变拉斑玄武岩及松树沟E—MORB和N—MIORB进行地球化学对比的结果,既能够支持北秦岭是在扬子板块的洋壳洋岛基础上发展形成的微陆块的推断,又可解释北秦岭幔源岩石具有特高Th/La、Yb/Hf、Sc/Th比值和壳幔更富于放射成因钳的原因。此外。对本研究结果在秦岭造山带发展动力学方面的意义也进行了初步讨论。

Abstract: Qinling Orogenic Belt represents the composite convergence gone with two sutures between the North China and Yangtze blocks (NCB and YB). The northern Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic Shang-Dan megasuture, in which were tectonically emplaced ophiolite fragments including the well known Songshugou ophiolite(1000 Ma±), is the boundary between North Qinling (NQ)and South Qinling(SQ). The southern Late Paleozoic Mian-Lue suture with ophiolite fragments is situated between SQ and the northern margin of Yangtze block (NYB), and thereby is considered to represent an ocean basin opened and closed within the Yangtze plate. The regional continental growth has been studied based oil Nd model ages and the chemieal characteristics, depletion degree and evolution tendency of the regional upper mantle have been revealed by trace element and isotopic tracers. The results indicate that NQ is basically similar to SQ and NYB in the continental growth mainly during the Paleo-and Meso-Proterozoic, the higher depletion degree (εNd(t) up to +7.5)of the Proterozoic upper mantle, and the Proterzoic mantle chemical features of relative enrichment in Nb, Ta and Cu, and higher Rb/Sr, Ba/Sr, Ba/La, Th/La and Nb/Ta ratios. In contrast, the continental crust of NCB and its southern margin (SNCB) grew mainly during the Archean and Paleoproterozic, their upper mantle was almost steady in its εNd(t) values of about +3 during the same time interval, and the mantle source of the Paleoproterzoic basalts of SNCB was characterized by relative enrichment in Fe and Mo and higher Zr/Hf ratio. The Pb isotopic thee dimensional topological plot and the 206Pb/204Pb-εNd(t) plot for the basement basic rocks from the region consistently show an outstanding geochemical boundary in coincidences with the geological boundary between NQ and NCB, and a subordinate geochemical boundary at the Shang-Dan megasuture. In the Songshugou ophiolite fragment, the discovery of metatholeiites, exhibiting the chemical features peculiar to both N-MORB and E-MORB implies that coexisted the depleted mantle source and mantle plume source beneath the Shang-Dan ocean basin represented by the ophiolite. The N-MORB-type metatholeiite of Songshugou ophiolite is comaparable to the N-MORB-type metatholeiite of Mian-Lue ophiolite in Ba/La, Nb/Ta, Yb/Hf, Y/Tb, Ti/Zr and Ti/V ratios, and Nd and Pb isotopic composition. This infers that the Shang-Dan oceanic crust, like the Mian -Lue oceanic crust, was formed within the Yangtze plate via the lithospheric break-up. In addition, the Qinling region was dominated by the rifting series during the Paleo-and Meso-Proterozoic and no sutured boundary of that time has be en discovered. Therefore, NQ should be a part of the Yangtze plate before the Neoproterozoic. The metatholeiites of Qinling Group(2000 Ma±)and Kuanping Group(1 142 Ma±)are similar to the Songshugou metatholeiites of both the E-MORB and N-MORB types in higher Nb/Ta, Ba/La, Nb/La, Th/La, Sc/Th and Yb/Hf ratios, and are comparable to the E-MORB-type metatholeiite in higher Nb, Ta, U and Th contents. This result not only may be in support of the supposition that NQ was originally a microcontinent formed on an ocean is1and base, but also can give a reasonable interpretation for that the crust and mantle of NQ are characterized by the highest Th/La, Sc/Th and Yb/Hf ratios, the highest Nb,Ta, U and Th contents and the highest Pb isotopic ratios in the region. Finally, the implications of this study for the developing dynamics of Qinling Orogen are also discussed.