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重力和构造力在地壳中的作用

吕古贤 刘瑞珣   

  1. 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所
  • 收稿日期:1996-03-20 修回日期:1996-03-20 出版日期:1996-03-20 发布日期:1996-03-20

ON THE ACTION OF GRAVITY AND TECTONIC STRESS IN EARTH CRUST

Lü Guxian1, Liu Ruixun2   

  1. 1. Institute of Geomechanics,100081,Beijing; 2. Department of Geology, Peking University-100871, Beijing
  • Received:1996-03-20 Revised:1996-03-20 Online:1996-03-20 Published:1996-03-20

摘要: 本文对于“上覆岩石重力数值等同于静水压力数值”的认识提出了新的看法,地壳中应力场T可以看成是一个静水压力P和一个差应力σ的复合、则静水压力P是由重力附加静水压力PR和构造力附加静水压力PS两者叠合而成,而不仅仅是来自上覆岩石的总重量,有限元模型计算表明,在同样外力条件下,从挤压变形带,剪切变形带到引张变形带中的各带构造附加静水压力值呈降低变化,即PC〉PZh〉Pt,因而构造附加静水压力得造成局部静水压力不均匀的主要因素之一。 通过这一问题研究,作者提出:① 地壳探处同一水平面上静水攫力井不相等;②建立“构造校正成矿深度谢算”方法,即先从总压力中消除构造附加静水压力之后再测算上覆岩石厚度;③ 研究成岩成矿构造物理化学过程的学科领域;④ 苏鲁超高压变质带中的金刚石柯石英可能是壳内作用的产物;⑤ 介绍开展实验的新设想;⑥ 报道用构造物理化学场成矿理论开展隐伏矿床预测的进展。

Abstract: This paper argues against the know ledge that hydrostatic pressure is equal to the gravity value of the overlying rocks in studying a dynamic state of certain underground site, and discusses the influence of tectonic stress on hydrostatic pressure and its application. The research of solid mechanics and data from deep drillings indicated that gravity and tectonic stress in middle and shallow crust are directional external forces, whereas hydrostatic pressure is a force of non-directionless, so they possess different physical meanings. Gravity is not quantitatively equal to hydrostatic pressure either. During 10^8 a –10^6 a of stress are laxation, the directional force on solid rock of the crust produces a deviatoric stress field. The authors suggest that stress field T of the crust is a combination or superposition of hydrostatic pressure P with differential stress , and the total hydrostatic pressure P at any point in the crust comprises two parts, one is spherical stress tensor PR caused by the gravity and the other is spherical stress tensor P caused by tectonic stress, therefore P is not only from the gravity of overlying rocks. The results obtained by a finite element simulation indicate that the additiona1 hydrostatic pressures borne by rocks decrease gradually from the compressive zone (Psc) to the shear zone (Pssh)and to the tensile zone (Pst), i.e. Psc> Pssh >Pst; and the difference of the tectonic additional hydrostatic pressure between these deform ed zones trends to increase, following the increase in absolute value and or difference of external forces in different directions. So the tectonic additional hydrostatic pressure is a major factor causing the heterogeneity of 1ocal stress field in the same depth of the crust. The above mentioned research has a wide range of application: 1) to set up a mode1 of unequal hydrostatic pressures in same depth of the crust; 2) to establish the method of measurement of metallogenetic depth corrected by structure, i.e., firstly minute tectonic added hydrostatic pressure P from general hydrostatic pressure P, then measure and calculate the depth data of overlying rocks; 3) to get into a Flew research field of tectonic physicochemistry; 4) reconsider the depth of eclogite in superhtgh pressure metamorphic zone,. such as the knowledge that the diamond and coesite in Dabie tectonic-metamorphic zone are probably the products of the inner crust; and 5) to introduce some new ideas about experiments of chemical kinetics.