全球海平面变化对古地理、古生物、古气候演化以及能源矿产分布具有重要的控制作用。然而，目前学界对深时海平面变化的驱动机制尚不清楚，部分归因于缺乏高精度全球海平面变化的恢复。文章回顾了全球海平面变化研究的起始与发展过程，归纳出五种类型的深时海平面变化重建方法和技术，即地层学、沉积学、洋盆动力学、同位素地球化学方法和大数据技术。并总结了上述研究方法的原理、优势和不足，并以白垩纪全球海平面重建为实例，讨论了当前深时全球海平面重建的难点和争议点，并对未来深时全球海平面变化重建进行了展望。

Eustatic sea-level changes strongly control the Earth evolution on paleogeography, paleontology and paleoclimate, as well as the distribution of petroleum and coal deposits. The controlling factors of eustatic sea-level changes are, however, still poorly understood partly due to lack of a high-resolution global sea-level curve. This paper reviewed the history of eustasy research, and summarized five types of approaches to reconstruct eustatic sea-level changes in deep-time, including stratigraphic, sedimentological, ocean basin dynamics, geochemical approaches and big data technique. We take the Cretaceous sea-level curve
as an example to describe the difficulties in reconstructing eustatic sea-level changes and the results displayed that promising prospects could be expected in this area.