微生物矿化是近年来在土体改良工程发展起来的一个新分支，主要研究微生物活性在改善土体颗粒特性方面的应用。微生物诱导碳酸盐沉积（MICP）是实现土体生物胶结最常用的方法之一，该技术借助脲酶菌的代谢行为诱导碳酸钙，将松散的砂颗粒胶结成整体，从而提高了土体的力学性能。文章系统性地介绍了MICP研究中的脲酶菌矿化机理、相关处理方法、影响因素、衍生新工艺脲酶诱导碳酸盐沉积EICP及MICP技术在岩土领域的相关现场试验，并对MICP的实用性进行了总结，最后简要讨论了现研究阶段MICP工程应用所面临的挑战和潜在解决方案。

Microbial mineralization is a recently developing new branch in engineering of soil improvement that deals with the application of microbiological activity to improve characteristics of soils. One of the most commonly adopted processes to achieve soil bio-cementation is through microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). This technique utilizes the metabolic behavior of urease bacteria to induce calcite that binds the loose soil particles integrally, leading to increased mechanical properties of soils. This paper systematically introduces the study of MICP about mineralization mechanism of urease bacteria, relative treatment methods, influencing factors, derived new technique (EICP) and relative field trials in geotechnical engineering. The practicability of the MICP is summarized. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions of MICP engineering applications in the current research stage are briefly discussed.