塔里木河流域位于中国西北干旱区，降水稀少，生态脆弱，水资源是维系当地社会经济发展和生态健康的关键因素。文章利用GRACE重力卫星数据和GLDAS全球陆面同化系统数据识别了塔里木河流域2003~2019年地下水储量变化，并分析其时空分布规律。结果显示，2003~2019年间塔里木河流域地下水储量整体呈下降趋势，速率为-2.13 mm/a。在空间分布上，由北向南，地下水储量的下降降幅逐渐减少，天山南坡中段地区地下水亏损最大，而塔里木河下游地下水储量稳步回升，与近十多年的应急生态输水有关。此外，塔里木河流域地下水储量变化与年降水量存在比较一致的年际变化特征。2004、2006~2009年降水量偏少，地下水储量显著减少，降水量多的年份，地下水储量出现回升。基于GRACE和GLDAS的地下水储量分析方法对于对监测缺乏地下水站网的塔里木河流域地下水资源具有较大应用潜力。

Located in the arid area of northwest China, the Tarim River Basin(TRB) is characterized by scarce precipitation and fragile ecology. Water resource is the key factor to maintain the social and economic development and ecological health of TRB. Here we identify the groundwater storage (GWS) variations in the Tarim River Basin from 2003 to 2019 using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data, and analyzes its spatial and temporal distribution. The results show that the GWS in TRB presents a decreasing trend during 2003 to 2019 , at a rate of -2.13 mm/a. The decline trend of GWS variations decrease gradually from north to south, and the GWS depletion is largest in the middle part of the southern Tianshan Mountains while the GWS increases significantly in the lower reaches of Tarim River, which was related to the emergency ecological water transport in the past decade. Besides, the GWS variations in the TRB are consistent with annual precipitation anomalies. With less precipitation, i.e., 2004, 2006-2009，GWS in the TRB decreases significantly，while increases correspondingly during rainy year. The method based on GRACE and GLDAS data has great potential applications in analyzing GWS variations for monitoring groundwater resources in the Tarim River Basin, which lacks of groundwater monitoring networks.