矿山开采、垃圾填埋及化工产品生产过程都可能对地下水造成污染。无论是追溯污染源信息还是监测污染物运移趋势都需要合理设置相应的监测网。长期运行设计不合理的地下水污染监测网势必会造成高昂的监测成本。因此，必须要开展地下水污染监测网的优化设计研究，力争用较少的监测成本最大精度地获取污染物浓度变化数据。地下水污染监测网的主要优化内容包括监测井在空间上监测位置的优化和时间上监测频率的优化两个方面。目前，针对地下水污染监测网优化设计问题的求解已经提出了多种定性（如水文地质分析法）和定量（如模拟—优化模型方法和克里格法）的方法，并取得了诸多成效，但每种方法都有其特定的适用场景和优缺点。论文首先系统总结了近40年地下水污染监测网优化设计的主要研究成果，然后对目前国内外应用较多的7种地下水污染监测网优化设计的方法进行介绍、评价和比较，最后对今后地下水污染监测网优化设计的主要研究方向进行了展望。

Groundwater can be contaminated by mining activities, landfill operations and chemical production processes. Both the tracing of pollution sources and the monitoring of pollutant transport trends demand the establishment of appropriate monitoring networks. The long-term operation of poorly designed groundwater pollution monitoring networks is inevitably accompanied by high monitoring costs. Thus, it is indispensable to undertake research on the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks, with the aim of acquiring data regarding changes in pollutant concentrations with utmost precision and at minimal monitoring costs. The primary optimizations of the groundwater pollution monitoring network encompass the optimization of the spatial monitoring positions of the monitoring wells and that of the monitoring frequency over time. At present, a variety of qualitative (such as hydrogeological analysis method) and quantitative (such as simulation-optimisation model method and kriging method) optimisation approaches have been put forward to address the optimal design issue of the groundwater pollution monitoring network, and numerous outcomes have been attained. Nevertheless, each method possesses its specific applicable scenarios, along with its respective advantages and disadvantages. The paper initially compiles the research findings on the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks over the past four decades. Subsequently, seven methods for the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks, which are currently employed in numerous domestic and international applications, are presented, evaluated, and contrasted. Finally, the paper concludes with a perspective on the primary research directions for the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks in the future.