含水层重金属污染修复需要经济高效的动态监测手段作为支撑。然而传统的监测方法存在耗时长、成本高、数据滞后以及对现场扰动较大等问题。该文以铜离子为例，采用电阻率成像法（Electrical Resistivity Tomography，ERT），这种方法具有快速、低成本、实时动态监测和原位无损的优势，并通过一维和二维砂箱实验验证ERT方法监测含水层重金属污染及原位化学修复过程的可行性，同时探讨监测精度的影响因素。研究结果表明：一维砂柱实验，污染阶段ERT监测数据与取样数据的相关性系数（R²）超过0.96，相对误差（δ）低于4.04%；修复阶段R²超过0.94，δ低于6.43%。二维砂箱实验，使用污染羽空间矩评估方法结合取样数据对ERT监测结果进行量化分析，铜离子运移过程中的一阶矩误差低于9%，二阶矩误差低于14%；修复过程中的一阶矩误差低于11%，二阶矩误差低于19%。此外，ERT装置的信息捕捉精度受铜离子运移速率和反应速率的影响。铜离子运移速率和反应速率越慢，ERT装置的信息捕捉精度越高。该研究验证了ERT方法在地下水重金属污染监测和修复过程监测中的可行性和准确性，为实际应用提供了重要的方法借鉴。

The remediation of heavy metal contamination in aquifers requires cost-effective dynamic monitoring methods as support. However, traditional monitoring methods have issues such as being time-consuming, costly, producing delayed data, and causing significant disturbances to the site. This paper uses copper ions as an example and employs Electrical Resistivity  Tomography (ERT)，a method offering rapid, low-cost, real-time dynamic monitoring with in-situ, non-invasive advantages. Through one-dimensional and two-dimensional sandbox experiments, the feasibility of using ERT to monitor heavy metal contamination in aquifers and the process of in-situ chemical remediation is validated, while factors affecting monitoring accuracy are also explored. The study results show that in the one-dimensional sand column experiment, the correlation coefficient (R²) between ERT monitoring data and sampling data exceeds 0.96 during the contamination phase, with a relative error (δ) below 4.04%; during the remediation phase, R² exceeds 0.94, and δ is below 6.43%. In the two-dimensional sandbox experiment, a quantitative analysis of ERT monitoring results was conducted using the spatial moment method of the contaminant plume combined with sampling data. The first moment error of copper ion migration is below 9%, and the second moment error is below 14% during the contamination phase; during the remediation phase, the first moment error is below 11%, and the second moment error is below 19%. Furthermore, the accuracy of information capture by the ERT device is influenced by the migration and reaction rates of copper ions. The slower the migration and reaction rates of copper ions, the higher the accuracy of information capture by the ERT device. This study validates the feasibility and accuracy of the ERT method in monitoring heavy metal contamination and the remediation process in groundwater, providing important data support for practical applications.