降雨入渗是干旱半干旱地区地下水补给的主要来源，研究其补给机制对于这些地区地下水资源合理开发利用具有重要意义。当前全球气候变暖日益加剧，气候变暖会改变降雨时空变异性从而对地下水补给量产生显著影响，然而气候变暖对于干旱半干旱地区地下水补给量的影响尚不明确。该研究选取典型半干旱地区鄂尔多斯高原作为研究区，构建了野外气象和土壤水分层数据观测站，基于HYDRUS-1D建立了一维非饱和水流模型，并利用实际观测数据校正与验证模型，基于该模型系统研究了ssp1-2.6、ssp2-4.5、ssp3-7.0、ssp5-8.5四种气候变暖情景下该地区地下水补给的机理过程与潜在补给量的变化趋势。研究结果表明：（1）气候变暖对研究区降雨量的影响较小，对气温产生的影响更加明显。研究区未来降雨量将缓慢上升，而气温变化趋势则随气候变暖情形不同而不同；（2）气候变暖会导致研究区地下水潜在补给量减少，仅在气候变暖程度最低的ssp1-2.6情形下补给量会上升；（3）研究区的地下水潜在补给量受到降雨量变化影响较小，受到蒸散发强度变化影响较大。

In arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall infiltration is the main source of groundwater recharge, and studying its recharge
mechanism is of great significance for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in the regions. Nowadays, the global climate warming is increasingly intensifying, causing changes in the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and therefore groundwater recharge. However, the impact of climate warming on groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions is still unclear. This study chose Yulin City, Shaanxi Province as the study area. An observation station was constructed to record meteorological data and soil moisture data at several depths. A one-dimensional unsaturated water flow model was established using HYDRUS-1D to simulate infiltration process and calculate potential groundwater recharge. The model was calibrated and validated with the observed soil moisture data. Based on the validated model, the mechanism of groundwater recharge in the study area under four climate warming scenarios, ssp1-2.6, ssp2-4.5, ssp3-7.0, ssp5-8.5, was systematically studied, and the potential groundwater recharge trend was predicted. Results show that, (1) The impact of climate warming on rainfall in the study area is relatively minor, but its impact on air temperature is more significant. The rainfall in the study area will slowly increase, and the trend of air temperature changes will vary with different climate warming scenarios; (2) The potential groundwater recharge will reduce in all scenarios except ssp1-2.6, the weakest climate warming scenario; (3) The potential groundwater recharge in the study area is less affected by the change in the rainfall, and more affected by the change in evapotranspiration intensity.