采用物理模型试验研究了抽水条件下地下构筑物对地面沉降的影响，分析了有无挡板、挡板深度及其与抽水井的相对位置对地面沉降和孔隙水压力大小和分布的影响。试验结果表明，挡板的存在阻挡了水的渗流补给，延长了孔隙水压力和土层位移达到稳定的时间，增大了土层总体的沉降和孔隙水压力的下降；同时，土层沉降和孔隙水压力随挡板深度的变化并非线性，而是存在一个临界相对埋入深度（本次试验为85%），在小于这一临界值时，砂层最大沉降随挡板埋入深度变化较小，在大于这一临界值时，砂层最大沉降随挡板埋入深度变化较大。在有地下构筑物存在情况下进行地面沉降数值模拟时，不仅要考虑构筑物对水流的阻碍作用，也要考虑构筑物本身对土体位移的阻碍作用。研究结果可为地面沉降的预测和防治提供参考。

A laboratory physical model test was carried out to investigate the impact of underground structures on pumpinginduced land subsidence, in which the underground structure was represented by a concrete plate. The vertical displacement and pore water pressure were documented through sensors, from which temporal and spatial distribution patterns of vertical displacement and pore water pressure had been analyzed. It has been shown that the presence of the plate and the depth of the plate in soil have significant influence on the values and distribution patterns of vertical displacement and pore water pressure, and so does the distance of the plate to the pumping well. The presence of the plate blocks the water flow in soils and impedes water replenishment from lateral sources, prolonging the process for the pore water pressure and soil displacement to reach a stable state. It also increases the subsidence of the soil layer and the drop in pore water pressure. The subsidence increasingly changes with the relative depth of the plate in soil, however, the relationship between them is nonlinear and with a critical value (85% in this experiment). When the relative depth of the plate is smaller the critical value, the maximum subsidence of the sand layer changes gently with the depth of plate in soil, whereas it varies significantly when the relative depth of the plate is greater than the critical value. In the numerical simulations of land subsidence in the presence of underground structures, consideration should not only be given to the obstructive effects of the structures on water flow but also to their hindrance to soil displacement. The findings of this paper can provide valuable insights for the prediction and mitigation of pumping-induced land subsidence.