逆冲推覆体的最大长度一直是构造地质学中的一个未解之谜。理论计算通常限制其长度至约16公里，但实际地质中，特别是在前陆盆地内，逆冲推覆体的长度却往往大幅超出这一值，甚至达到数百公里。例如塔西南前陆盆地的逆冲推覆体长度达230公里，远超理论预测。文章基于和田—麻扎塔格地震反射剖面的构造解析作为地质原型，采用构造物理模拟方法，设计了四组实验，通过模拟同构造生长地层发育情况（即调整脆性盖层厚度）及塑性滑脱层的剪切屈服强度（改变硅胶粘度）以探讨超长距离逆冲推覆体的形成机制。实验表明，低粘度滑脱层显著促进变形的前陆传播，提升应变传递速度和距离，而高粘度滑脱层则对前陆方向的变形传播有阻碍作用。同时，模型加入同构造生长地层增强了解耦效应，加速并扩展了应变向前陆方向的传递，使长距离逆冲推覆体的形成更为可能。实验结果显示，低粘度滑脱层与同构造生长地层的共同作用是塔西南前陆盆地超长距离逆冲推覆体形成的关键条件，为自然界超长距离逆冲推覆体形成机制提供了新的认识。

The maximum length of overthrusts has long remained an unresolved enigma in structural geology. Theoretical
calculations typically limit their lengths to approximately 16 kilometers, yet geological observations, particularly in foreland basins, often reveal overthrusts extending far beyond this limit, reaching hundreds of kilometers. For instance, overthrust in the Southwestern Tarim Basin spans 230 kilometers, significantly exceeding theoretical predictions. This study employs analogue modeling based on the geological prototype derived from structural interpretation of the Hetian-Mazhatage seismic reflection profile. Four experimental setups are designed to investigate the formation mechanisms of ultra-long-distance overthrusts by simulating syn-tectonic growth strata (via adjustments to brittle cover thickness) and modulating the shear yield strength of the ductile décollements (through variations in silicone viscosity). Experimental results demonstrate that the low-viscosity décollements significantly enhance the forward propagation of deformation in the foreland direction, increasing both the velocity and distance of strain transfer. Conversely, high-viscosity décollements impede such propagation. Additionally, the inclusion of syn-tectonic growth strata in the models amplifies decoupling effects, accelerating and extending strain transfer toward the foreland, thereby facilitating the development of long-distance overthrusts. The experiments reveal that the synergistic interaction between low-viscosity décollements and syn-tectonic growth strata constitutes a critical precondition for the formation of ultra-longdistance overthrusts in the Southwestern Tarim Basin. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms governing the development of ultra-long-distance overthrusts in natural settings.