喀斯特地区的土壤和表层岩溶带分布极不均匀，探测岩—土结构特征对区域水文研究和关键带模型构建至关重要。文章以黔中典型石灰岩坡地为研究对象，采用高密度电法作为主要勘探方法。基于电阻率层析成像来刻画岩土结构特征，并结合土壤插钎法和典型剖面进行对比验证，解析复杂地质条件下的石灰岩坡地岩—土结构。结果表明：土壤层的电阻率
值范围为0~89.4 Ω·m；岩溶裂隙的平均电阻率值：厚层灰岩小于585.3 Ω·m，薄层灰岩小于292.8 Ω·m；高密度电法在
解译土壤区时的表现要优于岩溶裂隙区，在单一结构条件下的表现优于复杂结构条件下，且解译后的岩性分界线清晰；整个石灰岩坡地的平均土壤厚度约为0. 495 m，平均表层岩溶带厚度约为3.921 m；土壤和岩溶裂隙发育具有高度空间异质性，表层岩溶带具有不连续性。该结果有助于进一步应用高密度电法探测喀斯特地区复杂岩性下的岩—土结构特征，为喀斯特关键带的模型构建提供数据支撑。

The distribution of soil and epikarst zones in karst areas is highly heterogeneous. Depicting the characteristics of rocksoil structures is crucial for regional hydrological research and key zone model construction. Taking typical limestone slopes in central Guizhou as an example, this study uses high-density electrical method as the main exploration means. Geotechnical structures are characterized based on electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), , and combined with soil probing method and typical profiles for comparative verification, the rock-soil structures of limestone slopes are analyzed under complex geological conditions. The results show that the resistivity of the soil layer ranges from 0 to 89.4 Ω·m; the average resistivity values of karst fractures are less than 585.3 Ω·m for thick-layer limestone and less than 292.8 Ω·m for thin-layer limestone; The performance of the high-density electrical method is better for interpreting soil area than for karst fracture area in, and better under single structure conditions than under complex structure conditions, and the interpreted lithological boundary l is clear; the average soil thickness of the entire limestone slope is about 0.495 m, and the average thickness of the epikarst zone is about 3.921 m; the soil and karst fractures show high spatial heterogeneity, and the epikarst zone is discontinuous. The results can help further apply the high-density electrical method to detect and characterize the rock-soil structures under complex lithological conditions in karst areas, providing data support for constructing models for karst critical zones.