Abstract: Bio-geoengineering technology is defined as a technology that using various types of microbial biochemical process to improve the hydro-mechanical behavior of soil and rock, aiming for the prevention and mitigation of engineering geology problems. Previous studies indicate that bio-geoengineering technology is a hot research topic in recent years and has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, low energy consumption and process controllable. It has been recognized as an important development direction of modern engineering geology. Based on research progress on this topic, this paper systematically summarizes the principles and application fields of three representative bio-geoengineering technologies that can be well controlled and efficiently used, including bio-mineralization, bio-film growth and bio-gas production. It focuses on the engineering properties (i.e. mechanical behavior, permeability, and erosion resistance) and the corresponding involved mechanisms of the rock and soil improved by bio-mineralization that have been studied the most and with the broadest application prospects. Moreover, the key factors (i.e. bacteria species, bacterial solution concentration, environmental temperature, pH value, cementation solution composition, soil nature and grouting technology) that affect the improvement effect of bio-mineralization are discussed in depth. In addition, the application status of bio-mineralization in foundation treatment, island and reef construction, wind and sand fixation, soil and water conservation, crack resistance and seepage prevention, cultural relics protection, geological disaster prevention and other fields are introduced in detail. The main challenges of the application of bio-mineralization are listed, and the future research directions on this topic are proposed.

Key words: bio-geoengineering technology, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), bio-mineralization, engineering
geology, rock and soil improvement, disaster prevention and mitigation