Abstract: The seafloor exhalative sedimentary mineral deposition is a very important process by which many copper, lead, zinc, iron, tin, silver and gold deposits in South China were formed. Many polymetallic massive sulfide deposits in this area, previously thought to be of magmatic hydrothermal type or skarn type, have been studied and recognized by the present authors as the exhalative sedimentary deposits, These deposits can be subdivided into five groups according to the tectonic environments of their formation and types of their host rocks: 1) Cu an Cu-Pb-Zn massive sulfide deposits related to spilite-keratophyre series, such as Xiqiu Cu deposit in Zhejiang Province; 2) Sedimentary rocks-hosted massive sulfide deposits, such as Dajiangping pyrite deposit in Guangdong Provinces; 3) The Kuroko-type deposits in island-arc rift, such as Xiacun Ag-Pb-Zn deposits in Sichuan Province; 4) Massive polymetallic sulfide deposits in ancient fault depressions, such as Dabaoshan Cu-Pb-Zn deposit and Fenglin Cu deposit in Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces respectively; 5) Exhalative sedimentary deposits in fault-controlled Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental basins, such as the massive sulfide deposits in Nanjing-Wuhu area. These sedex deposits are widespread and usually form extensive metallogenic belts, such as Fe-Cu (Au) belt of middle-lower reaches of Yangze River, Sn-polymetallic belt in NW Guangxi province, and Sn-Ag polymetallic belt in SE Yunnan province. The major features of mineralizations and the space-time distribution of the massive sulfide deposits in South China are also discussed. It has been emphasized in this paper that the exhalative sedimentary massive sulfide deposits in ancient fault depressions are extremely specific for South China. In addition, the group of exhalative sedimentary deposits in the fault-controlled Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental basins are worthy to be further studied in the future.