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高校地质学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (02): 238-254.DOI: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2024023

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HydroSHEDS数据集在气候变化与生物多样性演变中的应用

侯紫茜1, 2, 郑栋宇1, 2*,向 芳1, 2,白 洁1, 2,陈安清1, 2,马 超1, 2,侯明才1, 2   

  1. 1. 成都理工大学 沉积地质研究院,成都 610059;
    2. 自然资源部深时地理环境重建与应用重点实验室 成都理工大学,成都 610059
  • 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-20

Application of HydroSHEDS Dataset in Climate Change and Biodiversity Evolution

HOU Zixi1,2,ZHENG Dongyu1,2*,XIANG Fang1,2,BAI Jie1,2,CHEN Anqing1,2,MA Chao1,2,HOU Mingcai1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Deep-Time Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
  • Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-20

摘要: 气候和生物多样性的变化影响着环境,也是环境变化影响的产物。HydroSHEDS数据集基于流域水文基础信息整理汇编了多源的全球自然—人文数据,形成了12级嵌套流域数据集,能够为研究流域环境特征对气候变化、物种分布的影响等提供重要支撑。该研究通过分析HydroSHEDS数据集内容及其应用实例,总结了数据集在现代与第四纪以来气候变化与生物多样性演变方面的研究价值。结果表明:(1)HydroSHEDS v1包含全球范围的基础流域信息(流向、流量累积网格、河网)以及6个大类(水文、地形、气候、土壤与地质、土地覆被与利用以及人类影响)共56个变量281个属性信息;(2)采用HydroSHEDS基础数据或其核心数据可以进行现代与深时气候变化方面研究,包括模型模拟得出气候对地表系统其他组成的影响、计算流域属性特征与温室气体浓度变化的关系、代理数据定量评估以改进气候模型的降水和蒸发重建等;(3)通过直接叠加或整合加权HydroSHEDS数据集提供的环境属性,能够分析其对物种生境或实际分布范围的影响,以模拟物种在当前和未来的潜在分布;(4)尽管HydroSHEDS可以用作地表系统分析与应用的先决条件,但由于其记录的环境属性信息存在一定的滞后性,在时间序列研究中仅可作为辅助数据,丰富HydroSHEDS的时间序列数据,有望为气候预测以及深时气候研究提供数据支持。

关键词: HydroSHEDS, HydroATLAS, 流域, 气候变化, 生物多样性, 全球数据集

Abstract: Climate and biodiversity changes affect the environment, and they are also the consequences of environmental change. The HydroSHEDS dataset is a multi-source of global natural-human dataset that is based on basic hydrological information from basins, which forms a nested basin dataset with 12 levels. This dataset provides valuable support for studying how environmental characteristics of basins impact climate change and species distribution. The study investigates the content and application examples of the dataset, and then summarizes the research significance of the HydroSHEDS dataset for climate changes and biodiversity evolution in modern and Quaternary. The results indicate that: (1) HydroSHEDS v1 contains basic global basin information, including flow directions, flow accumulation, and river networks. It incorporates 6 categories (hydrology, physiography, climate, soil & geology, land cover & use, and anthropogenic influences) which comprise 56 variables, a total of 281 attributes on a global scale. (2) By utilizing the fundamental or core data of HydroSHEDS, modern and deep-time climate change research can be conducted, including investigating the impacts of climate changes on other components of the surface system by model simulating, calculating the relationship between basin attribute characteristics and the changes of greenhouse gas concentrations, and the quantitative assessment of proxy data to improve the reconstruction of precipitation and evaporation within the climate model. (3) By directly overlaying or integrated weighting analysis, the environmental attributes of HydroSHEDS dataset could analyze the impacts on species habitats or actual ranges, and simulate their potential distributions in the present and future. (4) Although HydroSHEDS can be used as a prerequisite for the analysis and application of surface systems, the timeliness and sequence of the environmental attribute information recorded by this dataset are not emphasized, rendering this dataset as suitable auxiliary data in time series research. Enriching the time series data of HydroSHEDS is expected to provide valuable support for predicting future climate change and biodiversity evolution and deep-time research.

Key words: HydroSHEDS, HydroATLAS, basin, climatic change, biodiversity, global dataset

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