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地球内部物理和演化的几个核心论题:Ⅲ微观地球物理概要

陈胜早   

  1. Ottawa—Carleton Geoscience Canter and Dept.of Earth Sciences,Carleton UniversityOttawa,ONKIS 5B6,CANADA
  • 收稿日期:1998-06-20 修回日期:1998-06-20 出版日期:1998-06-20 发布日期:1998-06-20

KEY TOPICS ON PHYSICS AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH’S INTERIOR: Ⅲ. OUTLINE OF MICROGEOPHYSICS

Chen Sheng-zao   

  1. Ottawa-Carleton Geosciences Center and Department of Earth Sciences, Carleion University, Ottawa, ONKIS 5B6, CANADA
  • Received:1998-06-20 Revised:1998-06-20 Online:1998-06-20 Published:1998-06-20

摘要: 微地球物理是一正处酝酿阶段,以微物理学为基础,以地球内部及地质休和冉石物理特性搂研究对象,以理论、实验、数据和计算机模拟为手段的新兴学科。其研究内容涉及地球内部受多种微物理机制所制约的岩石圈和地幔流变,岩石动力摩擦与地壳脆-塑性转换,地震和断裂力学问题,流体-岩石相互作用,声发射/微震活动与声波/超声波理论和地质应用等。结合其动力学和相互耦合关系,是微地球物理学的一个重要研究方向。其应用结果将导致环境地球物理和环境地球化学并行发展。关于地球内部的认识存在相当的不确定性,有些问题如板块和地幔涌运动,以致微破裂和断层滑移运动等都可能涉及随机和无序理论的应用。微观与宏观方法的结合,并使两者相一致,是最终解决问题的必要途径和工作目标。

Abstract: Microgeophysics is a new branch of the Earth sciences, which is deliberated on a basis of microphysics, aimed at studying, by means of theoretical, experimental, numerical and computer’s modeling, the physical properties of the Earth s interior, geologic bodies and various rocks that make up the Earth. The areas covered in this context include rheology of the lithosphere and the mantle, predominated by multimicrophysics mechanisms, dynamic friction of rocks and the brittle-ductile transition in the crust, focal mechanisms concerning the mechanics of earthquakes and faulting, fluid-rock interactions, acoustic emissions/microseismic activity, theory of acousto-ultrasonics and geologic application, and so on. It is an important research direction in microgeophysics to establish an integrated, comprehensive, and parameterized model, coupling physics, chemistry, rock mechanics, and thermal science with dynamics, for unstable osmotic media. Its immediate effect on economics and societies will keep abreast of both environmental geophysics and environmental geochemistry, there appear to be certain uncertainties in understanding the Earth’s interior, some topics such as the movements of tectonic plates, the deep mantle wellings, and even microcracks and shear sliding of faults, may be also involved in the applications of fractal and chaotic theories. As an objective it must be a necessary step to combine the micro-with the macrogeophysical methods and keep them to be consistent in approaching a final solution to the problems in the area.