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中国东南部晚中生代-新生代玄武岩与壳幔作用

徐夕生, 谢昕   

  1. 南京大学,地球科学系,内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室,南京, 210093
  • 收稿日期:2005-09-20 修回日期:2005-09-20 出版日期:2005-09-20 发布日期:2005-09-20

Late Mesozoic - Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks and Crust-Mantle Interaction, SE China

XU Xi-sheng, XlE Xin   

  1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research; Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • Received:2005-09-20 Revised:2005-09-20 Online:2005-09-20 Published:2005-09-20

摘要: 中国东南部的火山活动在早中生代时期仅有很小规模,晚中生代最早的、较大规模的岩浆活动始于中侏罗世早期,至早白垩世是火山岩浆活动的鼎盛期,在近100个Ma的时间内形成了大面积分布的晚中生代火山-侵入岩,而在新生代则以面积较小的玄武岩浆喷出活动为主,局限分布于沿海一带。以晚中生代湘南、赣南和闽西南的近EW向火山岩带和浙、闽沿海地区的近NNE向火山岩带,以及新生代近NNE向火山岩带为研究对象,对这些火山岩的地球化学特征对比研究,结合时空分布,讨论了它们的起源及其与壳幔相互作用的关系,以及它们形成的构造环境,其结果显示,EW向晚中生代火山岩带(180~170Ma)的西段玄武岩独立产出,且明显属碱性系列;而中段和东段玄武岩和流纹岩伴生,其中的玄武岩均为亚碱性系列的拉斑玄武岩。它们形成于板内拉张构造环境,是中国东南部特提斯构造域向太平洋构造域转换、晚中生代大规模岩浆作用的序幕。研究表明,该火山岩带自西向东表现出不同程度的壳幔相互作用,玄武岩在成岩过程中有少量陆壳组分加入。NNE向晚中生代火山岩带(130~90Ma)主要为流纹质岩石,安山岩和玄武岩很少。即使是双峰式火山岩也以酸性岩为主,玄武岩仅占全部火山岩体积的30%以下。其中的玄武岩主要属钙碱性系列,少数属拉斑系列。它们形成于火山弧构造环境,是中国东南部受太平洋构造域影响发生大规模火山岩浆作用的主旋律。其中玄武岩岩浆成分受到了较高程度的陆壳物质混染,同时代的中性火山岩是由底侵的玄武岩岩浆和陆壳物质来源的酸性岩浆发生岩浆混合作用而形成的,反映了强烈的壳幔相互作用。NNE向新生代火山岩带,分布在浙闽沿海,以碱性系列玄武岩为主,均含幔源包体,并受NNE向大陆边缘断裂构造的控制。它们形成于板内裂谷环境,是中国东南沿海由晚中生代火山弧构造环境转换为新生代板内裂谷环境的标志,起源于软流圈地幔,并有EMII岩石圈地幔的混合组分,但基本没有受到陆壳物质的混染。

Abstract: There are few volcanic activities during early Mesozoic in SE China. Late Mesozoic large scale volcanic magmatism started from middle Jurassic, continued for a duration of 100 Ma and became most intensive in early Cretaceous, resulting in formation of widely distributed late Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks in this region. Cenozoic magmatism is shown by small scale basaltic magma eruptions along the coast. Three volcanic belts are studied in this paper, which include a nearly east-west (EW) trending late Mesozoic volcanic belt distributed across south Hunan, south Jiangxi and southwest Fujian, a nearly north-northeast (NNE) trending late Mesozoic volcanic belt distributed in Zhejiang and east Fujian, and a nearly NNE trending Cenozoic volcanic belt overlies on NNE trending late Mesozoic volcanic belt. By comparison of the geochemical characteristics of basalts from the three volcanic belts, integrating their temporal and spatial distributions, the geneses of the magmas and related crust-mantle interactions as well as the tectonic settings are discussed. Along the nearly EW trending volcanic belt from inland toward coast, the lithology of basalts changes from alkaline to tholeiitic, and the amount of erupted volcanic rocks and the proportions of rhyolites coexisting with the basalts increase. This episode (180 - 170 Ma) of magmatism, formed in within-plate tectonic setting, is the incipi- ence of large-scale late Mesozoic magmatism in SE China and an indicator of conversion from EW strike Tethys tectonic system to NNE strike Pacific tectonic system. The geochemical studies of the basalts indicate crustal contamination increases from the inland to the coast along the volcanic belt, and therefore show different degrees of crustmantle interactions. The nearly NNE trending volcanic belt is dominated by rhyolites and coexisted with minor amount of andesites and basalts. The volume proportion of basalts is less than 30% even in bimodal volcanic rocks. The basalts are mainly of calc-alkaline series rather than tholeiites. Their geochemical characteristics show their formation in island arc tectonic setting. This episode (130 -90 Ma) of magmatism is the climax of large scale volcanic magmatism in SE China constrained by Pacific dynamic system. Extensive crust-mantle interaction was reflected by higher degree of crustal contamination of basalts, and formation of andesitic rocks due to magma mixing between underplating basaltic magma and overlying acidic magma generated from partial melting of crust. The nearly NNE trending Cenozoic volcanic beltis, distributed in the coastal area of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces and dominated by alkali basalts bearing a large amount of mantle xenoliths. Their occurrence is constrained by a series of NNE trending faults of continental margin. Their geochemical signatures show their for mation in typical rifting rifting tectonic setting and therefore their occurrence is an indicator of a turn from island arc tectonic setting into tectonic setting of continental margin. These Cenozoic basalts were generated from asthenospheric mantle and accompanied by an EMII component, but had no obvious crustal contamination.