Abstract: Three samples of acid mine drainage were collected from the Dongxiang copper mine in Jiangxi province,the Yinshan lead-zinc mine in Jiangxi province and the Yunfu sulfide mine in Guangdong province. After the samples were cultivated by different energy resources, the microbial communities were analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR （ERIC-PCR） method. The results show that the chemical characters and microbial communities of the samples are very different. The microbial communities would be much different even the same sample was cultivated by different minerals as energy resources. It is also shown that similar compositions of the energies for cultivation result in more similar microbial communities. Furthermore, the reaction system and program of ERIC-PCR method for the acid mineral drainage were optimized.