Abstract: Hierarchical analysis is a mathematical method. It can gradually decompose a complicated issue which is hard to be quantified into a series of quantifiable simple issues, and then to be solved. This method has a feasible significance for quantitative evaluation of hydrocarbon resources. Based on the qualitative study of oil geology in Chuxiong basin and adopting the hierarchical analysis, we selected special information such as hydrocarbon conditions, reservoir conditions, preservation conditions, trap conditions, migration conditions, oil-gas micro-leakage conditions etc. and evaluated the favorable exploration zone. It is regarded that the borderland between the Mouding fault-bend anticlinal zone and the Heijing sag nappe area, the Pianjiao sag and the Huijiguan domal anticlinal zone are optimum exploration areas in Chuxiong basin. The profitable reservoirs, long-term developed low fluid potential localities and excellent trap conditions are the most favorable controlling factors for hydrocarbon reservoirs in this area.