欢迎访问《高校地质学报》官方网站,今天是
分享到:

高校地质学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 862-871.DOI: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2022052

• 构造地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

地球早期滞壳构造及其向板块构造体制演变

杨昊坤1, 2,李江海1, 2*   

  1. 1. 造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京 100871;
    2. 北京大学 地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871
  • 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-18

Stagnant Lid Tectonics in the Early Earth and Its Transition to Plate Tectonics

YANG Haokun1,2,LI Jianghai1,2*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution (MOE), Beijing 100871, China;
    2. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-18

摘要: 板块构造是现今地球上主导的构造体制,而地球早期是何种构造体制,以及板块构造运动何时开始,学界仍在争论不休。明确这一问题对于理解地球发展历史、演化规律以及预测地球的未来至关重要。早期学者普遍采用均变论观点,认为早期构造运动与现今板块构造相似。然而随着地质资料的积累以及研究技术的进步,从“滞壳构造”到现代板块构造转变的观点逐渐被接受。所谓的滞壳,是指地球表面环绕地球一圈的单一板块。文章在滞壳构造的背景下,介绍了前人提出的地球早期构造体制模式假说,主要有热管构造模式、深成粘盖模式、地幔反转模式、盖—板构造模式等。随后对地球从滞壳构造向板块构造转化时间的最新研究进行综述。笔者认为目前主流学术观点已形成大体一致的框架,即中新太古代发生从滞壳构造模式向板块构造模式转化,现代板块构造样式可能在新元古代最终形成。

关键词: 地球早期构造体制, 滞壳构造, 板块构造, 构造体制演变

Abstract: Plate tectonics has been regarded as the dominant tectonic regime on the earth today, but what was earth’s tectonic regime before the present plate tectonics began and when the present plate tectonics began are still controversial. To understand the evolution of earth and predict its future, we are required to clarify this question. Previously, researchers generally reached a consensus on an uniformitarian view that the early earth’s tectonics was similar to the present plate tectonics. However, with the accumulation of geological data and the progress of research technology, the idea of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to modern plate tectonics was increasingly accepted. The so called “stagnant lid” refers to single plate around earth surface. In this paper, firstly we review the hypothesis of possible tectonic regime models in the early Earth under the background of stagnant lid tectonics, including heat pipe tectonics, plutonic-squishy lid model, mantle overturn and lid-and-plate tectonics. Then we review the latest research of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics in early Earth. We believe that the mainstream researchers have reached a roughly consistent framework, that is, the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics occurred in the Meso-Neoarchean, and the modern plate tectonics may have formed in the Neoproterozoic.

Key words: tectonic regime in early earth, stagnant lid, plate tectonics, tectonic regime evolution

中图分类号: