纳米比亚白岗岩型铀矿研究进展与找矿重大突破

doi:10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2025062

高校地质学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (03): 388-404.DOI: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2025062

纳米比亚白岗岩型铀矿研究进展与找矿重大突破

范洪海^{1, 2, 3}，陈旭⁴，何德宝^{1, 2, 3}，陈金勇^{1, 2, 3}，陈东欢⁵，王生云⁶，顾大钊⁶

1. 铀资源探采与核遥感全国重点实验室，北京 100029；
2. 核工业北京地质研究院，北京 100029；
3. 中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室，北京 100029；
4. 中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心（华北地质科技创新中心），天津 300170；
5. 中国铀业（纳米比亚）矿业有限公司，北京 101199；
6. 中核资源发展有限公司，北京 100029

出版日期:2026-06-20 发布日期:2026-06-20

Research Progress and Major Exploration Breakthroughs on Alaskite-type Uranium Deposits in Namibia

FAN Honghai^1,2,3，CHEN Xu⁴，HE Debao^1,2,3，CHEN Jinyong^1,2,3，CHEN Donghuan⁵，WANG Shengyun⁶，GU Dazhao⁶#br#

1. State Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration and Nuclear Remote Sensing, Beijing 100029, China;
2. Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China;
3. CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration and Evaluation Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
4. Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey (North China Center for Geoscience Innovation), Tianjin 300170, China;
5. China Uranium (Namibia) Mining Company Limited, Namibia, Beijing 101199, China;
6. CNNC Resources Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China

Online:2026-06-20 Published:2026-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 纳米比亚达马拉造山带南部中央带是全球最重要的白岗岩型铀矿集区，产出有罗辛、湖山等超大型铀矿床。近年来，该区铀矿勘查取得重大突破。文章系统梳理了区域成矿地质背景和白岗岩型铀矿地质特征等，以“源—运—储—变—保”成矿作用为主线，深入剖析了成矿物质来源、岩浆成因与演化、构造—岩浆耦合成矿和成矿后改造作用等关键环节。研究表明，白岗岩可划分为A-F六种类型，仅D型和E型含矿。无矿化白岗岩源自同碰撞期白云母脱水熔融，含矿白岗岩源自碰撞晚期黑云母脱水熔融，黑云母熔融向岩浆中转入F^-，以UF_m^4-m络合物形式实现铀的运移，是矿化岩浆形成的关键。岩浆结晶分异过程中黑云母的分离结晶移除Nb，是控制晶质铀矿型与贝塔石型矿化的重要因素。D4期构造体制转换触发了铀成矿作用，千岁兰断裂导矿、穹窿边缘和大理岩接触带白岗岩体就位、中生代热液叠加和新生代表生淋积作用等，共同构成了完整的成矿—改造—保存过程。基于成矿理论建立的综合信息预测方法，在罗辛矿权区圈定预测区14片，预测资源约14万吨，A1（Z17-19）预测区经钻探揭露，落实为特大型铀矿床，实现了铀矿找矿的重大突破。

关键词: 岩浆演化, 构造体制转换, 白岗岩型铀矿, 四阶段成矿模式, 纳米比亚罗辛地区

Abstract:

The Southern Central Zone of the Damara Orogen in Namibia is one of the world’s most important alaskite-type uranium ore clusters, hosting super-large uranium deposits such as Rössing and Husab. Major exploration breakthroughs have been achieved in this region in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the regional geological setting and geological characteristics of alaskite-type uranium deposits, and takes the “source-transport-trap-modification-preservation” metallogenic process as the main framework to analyze key aspects including ore-forming material sources, magmatic origin and evolution, tectonic-magmatic coupling mineralization, and post-ore modification. The results show that alaskites can be classified into six types (A-F), of which only D- and E-types are mineralized. Barren alaskites originated from muscovite dehydration melting during the syn-collisional stage, whereas mineralized alaskites originated from biotite dehydration melting during the latecollisional stage. Biotite melting introduced F^- into the magma, forming UF_m^4-m complexes that enabled uranium transport in the melt, representing the key mechanism for the formation of ore-forming magma. During fractional crystallization, biotite separation removed Nb from the residual melt, serving as an important factor in controlling uraninite-type versus betafite-type mineralization. The D4 tectonic regime transformation triggered uranium mineralization. The Khan River Lineament as the conduit, dome margins and marble contacts as the emplacement sites of alaskite bodies, together with Mesozoic hydrothermal superimposition and Cenozoic supergene leaching, constitute a complete mineralization-modification-preservation process. The comprehensive information prediction method based on metallogenic theory delineated 14 prospective targets within the Rössing mining license, with a predicted resource potential of approximately 140,000 tons of uranium. The A1 (Z17-19) target has been confirmed through drilling as a very large uranium deposit, achieving a major exploration breakthrough.

Key words: magmatic evolution, tectonic regime transformation, alaskite-type uranium deposit, four-stage metallogenic model;
R?ssing area, Namibia

中图分类号:

范洪海, 陈旭, 何德宝, 陈金勇, 陈东欢, 王生云, 顾大钊. 纳米比亚白岗岩型铀矿研究进展与找矿重大突破[J]. 高校地质学报, 2026, 32(03): 388-404.

FAN Honghai, CHEN Xu, HE Debao, CHEN Jinyong, CHEN Donghuan, WANG Shengyun, GU Dazhao. Research Progress and Major Exploration Breakthroughs on Alaskite-type Uranium Deposits in Namibia[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2026, 32(03): 388-404.

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纳米比亚白岗岩型铀矿研究进展与找矿重大突破

Research Progress and Major Exploration Breakthroughs on Alaskite-type Uranium Deposits in Namibia

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