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高校地质学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (04): 522-533.DOI: 10.16108/j.issn1006-7493.2025047

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地质聚合物原位封堵AMD 的反应—固化协同机制研究

刘迎澳1, 2，茅恒旗1, 2，叶 涛1, 2，周 来1, 2*，亓增刚3, 4，吴剑锋5，张凯凯1, 2   

  1. 1. 矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心，徐州 221116；
    2. 中国矿业大学 环境与测绘学院，徐州 221116；
    3. 中国煤炭地质总局物测队，邢台 054000；
    4. 河北省煤炭地球物理勘探技术创新中心，邢台 054000；
    5. 南京大学 地球科学与工程学院，南京 210023
  • 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-08-20

Study on the Reaction-Curing Synergistic Mechanism of Geopolymer in-situ Sealing of AMD

LIU Yingao1,2，MAO Hengqi1,2，YE Tao1,2，ZHOU Lai1,2*，QI Zenggang3,4，WU Jianfeng5，ZHANG Kaikai1,2   

  1. 1. Engineering Research Centre of Mine Ecological Restoration, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China;
    2. School of Environment and Surveying and Mapping, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;
    3. Geophysical Survey Team, China Administration of Coal Geology, Xingtai 054000, China;
    4. Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Coal Geophysical Exploration, Xingtai 054000, China;
    5. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-08-20

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摘要： 原位注入反应性地质聚合物可有效封堵酸性矿井水（AMD），注浆材料的反应—固化效能研究可为反应性地质聚合
物原位封堵AMD提供关键参数。该文以揭示反应性地质聚合物封堵AMD的协同机制为目的，开展了注浆材料养护稳定性实验、动态封堵AMD实验以及微观机制表征研究等。结果表明，注浆材料化学稳定性和耐久性好，重金属浸出量符合国家标准；AMD的侵蚀作用能促进硅酸盐与硅铝酸盐物质的形成，并能有效增强结石体的抗压强度至6.37 MPa；在AMD的动水条件下动态封堵率90%以上，注浆封堵反应后最终出水pH由3.6升至6.8~8.3，总Fe、Mn、SO42 -去除率分别在98.8%、52.1%、33.3%以上，C-(A)-S-H、N-A-S-H凝胶产物增多，加强了结石体固化稳定化重金属的能力，SO4 2 -转化成更多含硫矿物；地质聚合物作为注浆剂注入含水层或填充区，水泥水化、生成地质聚合物和形成憎水性薄膜三种反应过程同时进行，在AMD的侵蚀作用下，促进固化体表面和内部的C-(A)-S-H、N-A-S-H凝胶产物及Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12(H2O)7、FeS、CaSO4等多种矿物质的生成，同时固化重金属，形成含有CaCO3、H2SiO3、Fe(OH)3和Mn(OH)2等物质的胶体沉淀，满足绿色注浆的需求。该研究明确了地聚物注浆材料的“注浆—反应—固化—减污”协同机制，为AMD的原位绿色治理提供了科学依据和实践指导。

关键词: 原位治理, 反应性地质聚合物, 酸性矿井水, 注浆材料, 协同机制

Abstract: In-situ injection of reactivity geopolymers can effectively seal Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), achieving the goals of
source control and quality improvement of AMD. The reactivity and solidification performance of the grouting material are key parameters for the in-situ sealing of AMD using reactive geopolymers. This study aims to elucidate the synergistic mechanisms of the reactive geopolymers in AMD sealing and conducted experiments including grouting the material curing stability tests, dynamic AMD sealing experiments, and microscopic mechanism characterization. The results indicate that the grouting material exhibits good chemical stability and durability, with heavy metal leaching levels meeting national standards; the erosive effect of AMD can promote the formation of silicate and silicoaluminate substances, then effectively enhance the compressive strength of the nodule body to 6.37 MPa; under dynamic water conditions in an AMD environment, the dynamic blocking rate exceeded 90%. After grouting and blocking reactions, the final effluent pH increased from 3.6 to a range of 6.8 to 8.3. The removal rates of total Fe, Mn, and SO42- were above 98.8%, 52.1%, and 33.3%, respectively. The increase in C-(A)-S-H and N-A-S-H gel products enhanced the ability of the solidified grouting body to solidify and stabilize heavy metals, while SO4
2- was converted into more sulfur-containing minerals; The geopolymer was used as a grouting agent injected into aquifers or filling zones, and the cement hydration, the generation of geopolymer, and the formation of the cement polymer were enhanced. hydration, the generation of geopolymer and the formation of hydrophobic film three reaction processes at the same time, under the erosion of acidic mine water, to promote the solidified body surface and the internal C-(A)-S-H, N-A-S-H gel products and Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12(H2O)7, FeS, CaSO4 and other minerals, and at the same time, curing the heavy metals, formation of colloidal precipitates containing CaCO3, H2SiO3, Fe(OH)3, and Mn(OH)2 to meet the needs of green grouting. The synergistic mechanism of “grouting-reactingsolidifying-reducing” of the geopolymer grouting materials was clarified, which provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for the in-situ green management of AMD. 

Key words: in-situ treatment, reactive geopolymer, acid mine drainage (amd), grouting material, synergistic mechanism

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