对高硫矿区进行水质评估、全面掌握地下水环境质量是实现酸性矿坑水治理与防控的前提。在水质评价中地下水的污染程度是一个模糊的慨念，这种模糊属性源自于水质分类标准及其阈值固有的不确定性。为解决模糊数学方法在矿山地下水水质评估中存在的评价标准不匹配以及隶属度绝对化问题，该研究以铜官山矿区作为研究区，引入可变模糊集理论，建立高硫矿区地下水质量综合评价模型，动态识别水质类别的模糊性。结果表明，相对隶属度定量表征了评价指标与评价标准间亦此亦彼的隶属关系，当评价指标浓度处于某分级标准范围内，该等级和相邻两侧等级的隶属度均大于0。研究区大部分地下水质处于第Ⅳ和Ⅴ等级，占比89%，水质较差。其中，监测点M3-M7为井下涌水，酸性矿坑水特征明显，硫酸盐、铁、锰、溶解性总固体、总硬度含量以及酸度超标。矿井疏排水经异位末端治理后，虽然能降低其生态环境污染的风险，但处置成本较高，建议后续协同治理示范工程在“源头控制”和“过程阻断”方面提升综合效益。

Water quality assessment of high-sulfur mining zones and the comprehensive understanding of groundwater environment are the prerequisites for the treatment and prevention of acid mining discharge. The contamination of groundwater in water quality assessment is a vague idea that stems from the inherent uncertainty of water quality classification standards and  their thresholds. To solve the problems of mismatch of evaluation criteria and absolutization of membership degree in groundwater quality evaluation by fuzzy mathematical methods, this study introduced the variable fuzzy set theory to establish a comprehensive evaluation model of groundwater quality in the high-sulfur mining area of Tongguanshan, and the ambiguity of water quality categories was dynamically identified. The results showed that the relative membership degree quantitatively characterized the subordination between the evaluation index and the evaluation standard. When the concentration of the evaluation index was within the standard range of a certain grade, the membership degrees of this grade and the grades on the adjacent sides were greater than 0. Most of groundwater quality in the study area was evaluated as grade IV and V., accounting for 89%, and the overall water quality was poor. The monitoring points M3-M7 were the position of water bursting in mine shaft with obvious characteristics of acid mining discharge, and the concentration of sulfate, iron, manganese, total dissolved solids, total hardness, and acidity exceeded the standard. Although the risk of ecological environment pollution can be reduced after the ex-situ end treatment of mine drainage, the disposal cost was high, and it is suggested that the subsequent collaborative treatment should improve the comprehensive benefits in terms of “source control” and “process blocking”.