Abstract: China is one of the countries with the most severe geological disasters, among which landslides are the most severe. Therefore, it is crucial to study landslide disasters deeply. Slope engineering is often affected by the superposition effect of human engineering activities and natural geological processes, which induce difficulty to scientific understanding of the slope deformation and instability mechanisms. To accurately grasp the slope state information, as well as the process of deformation and instability, a full-dimensional monitoring system is established to achieve dynamic interpretation and characterization of slope state information, thereby obtaining a more accurate, reliable, and intuitive basis for slope stability evaluation. In this paper, we comprehensively analyzes the‘air-space-ground-interior’integrated monitoring technology system of slopes from the perspectives of slope failure modes, typical slope monitoring technologies, and clarification of slope deformation evolution processes; Also, this study provides an overview and summary of the slope monitoring technology based on distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS), with a focus on the research ideas and implementation paths of DFOS-based slope monitoring with multiple sources and fields. Further more, this study systematically reviews the process and results of physical model experiments of slopes based on typical monitoring technologies and DFOS technology, aiming to provide important reference for the design of slope reinforcement schemes and disaster prevention, mitigation and control.

Key words: slope failure mode, ‘air-space-ground-interior’ full-dimensional monitoring technology, distributed fiber optic
sensing technology, multi-source and multi-field, model investigation